What Causes Diabetic Foot Swelling?

Swelling of the ankles and feet as a result of fluid retention in the tissues is commonly called edema. Accumulation of fluid generalized or localized to a particular part of the body. Swelling commonly occurs after sitting in one position for long, after eating salty food or as a result of hormonal changes. However, swelling can also be caused by other conditions.

Edema (swelling in the ankles and feet) can also be caused by diabetes. Diabetic foot swelling is usually caused by diabetes-related factors, such as:

  • Poor circulation
  • Kidney problems
  • Heart problems
  • Obesity
  • Venous insufficiency
  • Side effects of medication

Diabetes and Swellingdiabetes foot swelling

If the body is unable to utilize insulin properly, glucose can accumulate in the blood. High level of blood glucose can damage the delicate lining of small blood vessels and this damage can hamper blood circulation.

Is Feet Swelling a sign of Poor circulation?

Poor blood circulation results in fluids getting trapped in some parts of the body, such as the feet, ankles, and legs.

For people with diabetes, healing tends to be slower and swelling can occur after an ankle or foot injury. Over time, high levels of blood sugar can damage nerves in various parts of the body, such as the lower extremities.

This can cause numbness, making it hard to detect injuries such as cuts, sprains, and fractures.

If left untreated, sprains and fractures can cause swelling in the affected area. Additionally, if untreated wounds become infected, swelling can occur.

Speak to your physician about the swelling you are experiencing, because sometimes swelling can be symptom of other underlying problems such as liver, kidney, or heart disease. It is also very important for people with diabetes to check their feet regularly for injuries such as cuts and bruises. Visit your doctor periodically to check for nerve damage or circulation problems especially in the lower extremities.

Top 5 tips for Managing Diabetes Foot Swelling

       1.Lose weight

Healthy weight loss can also help reduce swelling in the lower extremities. Maintaining a healthy weight brings about numerous health benefits including lower risk of heart disease, less joint pain and it will be easier to regulate your blood sugar levels. Maintaining your blood sugar level within the target range reduces the risk of diabetes-related complications such as damage to blood levels, swelling and poor circulation.

      2.Wear compression socks

Using compression socks helps maintain uniform pressure on your legs and feet. Maintaining the right amount of pressure in the lower extremities can help improve circulation and reduce swelling.

Compression socks are readily available in most pharmacies, grocery stores, and medical supply stores. They are available in various levels including heavy, medium, and light. Your doctor can help you determine the level you should purchase. However, socks should not be placed over sores or open wounds.

     3. Keep your feet elevated

Elevating your feet above the heart level can help reduce the retention of fluid in the lower extremities. It prevents fluid from collecting in the feet by helping it return towards the upper body. You can easily elevate your feet why lying in bed or sitting on the couch. Use a stack of books to keep your legs propped, pillows, or a foot elevation pillow.

     4. Exercise regularly

diabetic foot swelling painA sedentary lifestyle can increase swelling in the lower extremities. Try moving as much as possible during the day. Exercise is not only helpful for improving blood sugar and weight management, it can also reduce swelling and promote blood circulation. Aim for at least 30 minutes of non-weight-bearing exercises most days of the week. The best exercises include walking, cycling, and swimming.

     5. Stay hydrated

Drinking more water when the body retains fluid seems counterproductive. However, when you take in more fluids, you’ll expel even more fluid through urination. Moreover, the body retains water when it’s dehydrated. Drink at least 8 glasses of water per day to reduce swelling.

Before increasing your water/fluid intake, consult your doctor to determine if this is the right thing for your specific condition. Sometimes, if the swelling is due to liver problems or heart problems, doctors may advise you against increasing your fluid intake.

A high salt intake can worsen swelling. Instead of salt, use herbs such as oregano, rosemary, garlic powder, thyme and paprika. People with diabetes may need to limit their salt intake. Consult your doctor to see the amount of salt you should eat per day. You can cut back by eating more vegetables and fruits. Avoid purchasing processed foods; instead, look for low-sodium foods.

Nerve Damage in Diabetics

Nerve damage occurs when excessively high glucose levels for extended periods of time damage the nerves, especially the nerves of the lower extremities. When these nerves are damaged it is called peripheral neuropathy and can be characterized by pain and or numbness in the feet.

This numbness can be a contributing factor to wounds and sores on the feet as the decreased sensation causes the diabetic to not be able to sense damage to the foot. The decreased sensation can also cause the diabetic to not be able to support themselves as they normally would and this can lead to falls and injuries to the feet ankles and knees.

When the blood vessels of the lower extremities are blocked and circulation decreases it can cause damage at the cellular level as the cells are unable to receive oxygen and nutrients from the blood. All of these symptoms are made worse by the fact that slow healing is also a sign of diabetes and infections are common.

Diabetes foot swelling, nerve damage, and other problems can lead to a greatly decreased quality of life, and the key to heading off the worst effects is appropriate glucose control.

Check out our Top 4 diabetic lotions to increase circulation HERE!

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Top 5 Breakthroughs for Diabetes

Diabetes is one of the most pressing health issues in the world. According to the ADA (American Diabetes Association), close to 1.5 Americans are diagnosed with diabetes annually. Moreover, in 2017 the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) reported that about 100 million people in the United States have prediabetes or diabetes.

One reason why diabetes remains one of the leading causes of death is poor nutrition, processed foods, and too much sugar. Although there’s no cure for diabetes, increased exercise and weight loss can help prevent Type 2 Diabetes.

With the advancements in medicine and technology, we are seeing tremendous improvement in preventing and treating diabetes. There are numerous types of research funded by many organizations such as the World Health Organization, related to finding innovative ways to treat and prevent diabetes.

  1. A new way of preventing the immune system from attacking insulin-producing beta cells

One of the most exciting discoveries in healing diabetes as well as the field of medicine in general is a new way of preventing immune cells from attacking and killing beta cells that produce insulin. Immunotherapy treatment has been proven to be effective in decreasing immunosuppression.

Moreover, the treatment process can be customized for different individuals according to their specific medical state. The main reason why people with diabetes need to use medication is that the body’s ability to produce insulin become s impaired. According to Dr. song’s discovery, suppressing autoimmunity increases the chances of successfully treating Type 1 Diabetes.

  1. Identifying what causes Type 1 Diabetes

diabetes breakthroughsIn Type 1 Diabetes, the body starts attacking insulin-producing beta cells which hamper the production of insulin and other complications. However, the use of various medications and injections enable patients to lead a normal life by stabilizing the level of insulin in the body.

Therefore, identifying exactly what causes the body to treat insulin-producing beta cells is a major leap towards finding treatment for Type 1 Diabetes. In recent years we have seen major advancement in this field where researchers are studying the possibility of avoiding suppression of the immune system by using immunoglobin to protect beta cells and hence increase insulin production.

  1. Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy

Patients suffering from neuropathy as a result of diabetes can experience nerve damage which can cause pain and other more serious diabetes-related complications such as sepsis. Neuropathy can also affect the spinal cord and brain.

Although diabetic neuropathy is very hard to treat, there is a new method of treating the condition where molecules are introduced to the body to prevent and potentially reverse neuropathy.

  1. New Technologies for Diabetes

It is essential for diabetics to keep track of their blood glucose levels and blood pressure in order to effectively manage the condition by reacting faster.

Scientists have developed a new device that monitors glucose levels and automatically alerts the patient whenever their glucose levels fall below or rise above the target range. Moreover, we have seen great advancements in blood glucose monitors that have become more accurate, faster, smaller, lighter, and easier to carry around.

  1. New Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes

In addition to the discoveries related to understanding what causes diabetes and finding ways to prevent the condition, there are new types of medication that will help diabetics by preventing side effects and other potential complications caused by diabetes.

Semaglutide, Liraglutide, and Glucagon are 3 new types of tablets that have been proven to be highly effective in the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

Semaglutide is a glucagon-based oral medication that should be used 30minutes before any beverage or meal. However, it is not recommended for use as an introductory treatment. In the first month, patients should take 3 mg and increase the dosage of Semaglutide to 7 mg after that.

Glucagon is a nasal powder that has been shown to be an excellent alternative to the injections most diabetes patients have been using. The good news is that it is available for all diabetics aged 4 years and above. However, it is essential to be aware of potential side effects of Semaglutide such as vomiting, headaches, and eye redness.

Liraglutide is recommended for type 2 Diabetes and is best for patients older than 10.

The Bottom linediabetes cure news

One of the most important breakthroughs related to diabetes is related to numerous studies that have shown that the main cause of diabetes is poor nutrition and other lifestyle habits, especially among younger generations. Studies show that Type 2 Diabetes is mainly caused by processed foods, fast foods, too much sugar, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Therefore, the most effective way of preventing diabetes is by teaching the younger generation to increase physical activity and most importantly, adopt a healthier diet.

Type 2 Diabetes research

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Bayer Glucose Meters Review

Bayer glucose meters are produced by Bayer Health Care Company, a leader in the development of diabetes monitoring devices.

These devices include home blood glucose meters for caregivers and diabetes patients as well as a wide range of industrial products for healthcare professionals. Bayer Health Care has dominated the United State market for blood glucose meters since launching its first glucometer in the ’80s.

  1. Bayer Contour Next EZ Glucose Meter

Bayer glucose meters contour oneSince its launch, the Contour Next EZ has been a very popular self-testing tool among diabetics. This home blood glucose testing device is used by diabetes patients to monitor their blood glucose levels.

It is designed to measure blood glucose levels ranging between 20 and 600 mg/dL and it offers high levels of accuracy. Scientific studies show that it ranks among the most accurate and reliable glucose meters on the market.

Key features and benefits – Bayer Contour Next EZ Glucose Meter

  • Beginner-friendly
  • No setup required and the glucose meter can be used right away
  • Large, clear to read display
  • “second chance sampling” test strips allow users to apply more blood to get an accurate reading and avoid wasting strips
  • Highly accurate and reliable
  • Compensates for interfering substances such as vitamin C
  • Tracks glucose values by making 30 days. 14 days and 7 days averages of measurements
  • Stores up to 480 blood glucose test results

The Bayer Contour Next EZ blood glucose meter is quick, straightforward accurate, and easy to use. Some of its outstanding advantages include its beginner friendliness and highly proven accuracy. The Contour Next Glucose Test Kit is an excellent choice for anyone looking for a complete, easy to use meter to start monitoring their blood glucose levels at home.

Moreover, it’s a user-friendly device that does not require syncing or coding as is the case with some meters on the market.

The results are displayed only 5 seconds after taking the test. Another important feature is the meter’s ability to store data. It also allows users to enter their usual blood glucose levels, making it easier to track and monitor changes.

Bayer Contour Test Strips

The test strips require only 0.6 microliters of blood to ensure the accuracy of test results. Moreover, the meter allows users to add a bit more blood and test again in case the blood used was not sufficient to obtain results. This is commonly known as “second chance sampling”, which saves you money by preventing wastage of test strips.

Blood glucose values are considered very low under 70 mg/dL and very high above 250 mg/dL. However, you should always discuss your personal blood glucose values with a medical professional. Your healthcare professional will also help you formulate a treatment plan to help you maintain your glucose level within the target range.

  1. Bayer Contour Next One Bluetooth Glucose Meter

contour next oneThe Contour Next One is a great option if you are on a tight budget. However, users also need to pick up the additional tools necessary to use it.

Diabetes patients who have been using this glucose meter for a while already have a favored type of lancets and the test strips are remarkably cheap as well as easy to find. Users should allow a 60 second window period before applying blood the second time.

The main shortcoming of the Contour next one blood glucose meter is that it does not come with the necessary components of a complete glucose monitoring kit such as strips and lancets.

Therefore, users must pick up all the other supplies needed to use the device, making it an ideal choice for users who have their test kits put together. Thankfully, these supplies are readily available in most drug stores, and the cost is quite reasonable.

Key features and benefits – Contour Next One  Glucose Meter

  • The monitor is quite cheap
  • Equipped with Bluetooth connectivity
  • Excellent accuracy
  • Smart light alerts users when their levels are off
  • No coding needed
  • Second chance sampling allows users to reapply blood to the test strip whenever the first sample is insufficient to produce test results
  • Test results can be easily transferred to Bluetooth-enabled devices
  • 500 MB memory storage that can hold up to 800 test results

contour next text stripsIt is recommended that you use Contour Next strips only with the Contour Next One blood glucose meter. It’s an excellent option for tech-savvy users because it allows you to sync test results to the Contour Next app on your smartphone. This data can be easily shared with healthcare professionals for remote analysis. Moreover, it is equipped with a light that helps users see where test strips should be inserted, even in the dark.

Read about FDA approved blood glucose meters HERE!

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List of FDA Approved Glucose Meters

In diabetes, the body loses its ability to produce insulin (blood sugar levels regulating hormone). This puts Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics at risk of either too low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) or too high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia).

Both outcomes are undesired as they can easily lead to other complications such as blood circulation problems, kidney issues, and eye problems. Regular blood glucose monitoring is one of the main first-line defenses against the complications of diabetes.

The most widely practiced methods of monitoring blood glucose level are by using a lancet to prick a finger. However, due to the discomfort and pain associated with the process, blood glucose monitoring becomes a daunting process for many diabetes patients.

Needle-free and non-invasive methods of testing blood sugar levels are now being developed to help ease the burden for people living with diabetes. These methods may also prove to be cheaper particularly because patients can do away with buying disposable test strips and lancets. Non-invasive glucose monitoring systems make the process as painless and easy as possible in order to encourage diabetics to monitor their blood glucose levels as prescribed.

Non-invasive blood sugar monitors can also be linked with tablets and smartphones, making it easier to keep track of your blood glucose levels and trend through the day or even weeks. These automated measurements make it possible for people living with diabetes to get insight on why or when their blood glucose drops or rises.

How do blood glucose meters work?

Since 1970s scientists have been trying their level best to come up with non-invasive methods of detecting blood glucose levels .Today there are many promising methods in use, each with its advantages and shortcomings. The most common methods used include:

  • Using radio waves on the fingertips
  • Application of ultrasound waves that penetrate the skin
  • Measuring infrared radiation that the body emits
  • Measuring of the viscosity of fluids beneath the skin
  • Application of beam near-infrared energy to penetrate the skin

Although hundreds of millions of dollars’ have been spent in this research, no technology has been declared as an outstanding method in non-invasive glucose monitoring. Notably, further research is needed in improving the reliability and accuracy of these methods, manufacturers are tirelessly developing and marketing glucose monitors that are user-friendly.

Top Non-invasive Glucose Monitors Currently in the Market

If you are willing to buy a non-invasive glucose monitor, there are several varieties in the current market. However, your health is a sensitive issue; thus, take your time in making informed choices.

The first and most important guideline to narrow the selection list is by considering devices that have been approved by FDA. Since 2017 FDA has been reviewing and approving several devices and the list has been growing since then.  These products need to get smarter, easier to use, and better to remain relevant in the thriving competition. As indicated in the list below.

  1. FreeStyle Libre Flash

Freestyle Libre Flash Blood glucose monitoring systemThe FreeStyle Libre Flash holds an outstanding position for being the first non-invasive glucose monitoring device to be approved by the FDA. You need to install a sensor on the back of an upper arm before your start using FreeStyle Libre.

Notably, you have to this once per 2 weeks’ time or so and always remember to be extra careful with it, because it can rip off with a strong or a sudden force. However, this can be prevented by following detailed instructions in applying each sensor.

It’s usually a simple process that takes at most 2 minutes, which you can do on your own. The sensor is installed beneath the skin. It basically measures the quantity of glucose present in interstitial fluids, not in the blood. The sensor may take up to 15 minutes before measuring your actual blood glucose.

Pros

  • FreeStyle is affordable in the market
  • The included reader is easy use
  • Reading can be made using a smartphone app
  • Data obtained can be store for 8 hours
  • Data obtained can be illustrated on a time series graph

Cons

  • The sensor needs to be replaced with time
  • It’s not a long-term sustainable method

  1. GlucoWatch G2 Biographer

FDA Approved Glucose Meters
GlucoWatch G2 Biographer

The GlucoWatch G2 Biographer is a Non-Invasive glucose Monitor device that has been approved by FDA. It’s basically a wristwatch that can make six measurements in an hour.

The device has an AutoSensor disposable upon use, usually attached to the Biographer’s back. This AutoSensor must contact the skin. A single AutoSensor can make 78 reading in total within 13 hours.

Upon installation, the AutoSensor require 2 hours to warm-up before making its first measurements. GlucoWatch uses electric currents to extract interstitial fluids within the skin.

Pros

  • Takes a short period of time to process data and display results
  • Rises alarm for low and high sugar levels upon programming
  • Appropriate in diabetics who need frequent glucose level test

Cons

  • Its accuracy is not fully assured by the FDA

  1. EverSense CGM

EverSense CGMEverSense is a non-invasive glucose monitoring device that offers Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) properties. FDA approved it as the first CGM system.The EverSense CGM depends on a sensor implanted by a doctor beneath your skin. This means you have to undergo a minor operation to allow implantation. The device has a transmitter, over the sensor and above the skin, to allow data transmission. Users regard it as the best CGM in the market due to its accuracy.

Pros

  • Results can be scrutinized and reviewed via your smartphone
  • Rises alarms over high and low glucose levels
  • A sensor can last for 90 days upon implantation
  • Free from dangers of ripping off

Cons

  • In case the implantation site is infected, another implantation process is needed

Conclusion

Though there isn’t non-invasive glucose monitoring technology that stands out to be standard in the market, technology is evolving at a high rate. From implants that used to last for 14 days at most, currently, we have implants capable of lasting for several months.

It is possible for us to have a new non-glucose monitoring technology in the market- one that can function without being implanted beneath the skin.

For diabetics, new technology brings improvement in their health lives. With time, you might only be required to take a photograph of your eyes and a supercomputer to do the rest of the work.

List of FDA Approved Glucose Meters

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Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment

What is a Diabetic Foot Ulcer?

A foot ulcer forms when skin tissue anywhere on the foot or toes breaks down exposing inner layers. It can involve the entire thickness of your skin, including deep structures such as tendons or bones. On the other hand, it can be redness or a shallow sore that involves only the skin surface.

People with poor circulation and diabetes patients in particular, are at a higher risk of developing foot ulcers. In people with diabetes, foot ulcers can be difficult largely because even small foot ulcers can easily become infected, especially if it is not treated properly.

Sometimes you may not know you have foot ulcers until you notice wetness or drainage on some parts of your socks. Drainage can be red, brown, or yellow and it may also contain blood or pus.

If a foot ulcer becomes infected and if not treated promptly, it can gradually develop into:diabetic foot ulcer treatment

  • A pocket of pus (an abscess)
  • Cellulitis (a spreading infection of underlying fat as well as the skin)
  • Osteomyelitis (a bone infection)
  • Gangrene (an area of dead body tissue as a result of poor blood flow)

In uncontrolled or poorly controlled diabetes severe foot infections may eventually require some part of the lower leg, foot or toe to be amputated usually start as a foot ulcer.

Factors that Increase the Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

  • Poor blood flowPrevent diabetic foot ulcers
  • Numbness and nerve damage in the feet
  • Uncontrolled blood sugar levels
  • Corns or calluses on your toes or feet
  • Foot deformities such as hammertoe or bunion
  • Poor vision that causes you to trip on objects in your waydiabetes circulation
  • Alcohol use or cigarette smoking
  • Being overweight

Is coconut oil good for Diabetic feet?

Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment Options

  1. Antibiotic cream for foot ulcers

Your diabetic healthcare provider may suggest applying antibiotic cream to help prevent infection and relieve the sore. Thereafter, it’s important to cover the area to avoid infection or further damage.

  1. Wound dressing of foot ulcers

A bandage or other types of dressing will be put on the ulcer and your doctor will give you instructions in the changing routine. The dressing may contain medication to help the ulcer heal faster and prevent growth of unhealthy tissue. If the sore is already infected, your doctor will give you antibiotics to fight the infection.

  1. Have dead tissue removed (debrided)

Removal of any dead tissue and skin around foot ulcers can help with healing and prevent infection.

  1. Manage your blood glucose levels and any other health problems

Health issues such as blood sugar levels, cholesterol and blood pressure need to be managed to help foot ulcers heal. Your doctor will help you create a plan to manage any health issues you may have.

  1. Take the pressure off your foot ulcer

In some cases, you may need special support shoes with braces, cushions, or insoles to offload the pressure off your foot ulcer. You may also be advised to use crutches or a wheelchair until your foot ulcers heal. These items help keep irritation and pressure off the area of the foot ulcer. Foot ulcers heal faster without irritation and pressure.

Read more about Diabetic foot sores HERE!

  1. Increase blood flow to your feet

prevent diabetic foot ulcersYour doctor may recommend negative pressure wound therapy or hyperbaric oxygen therapy to increase blood flow to the lower extremities. You can consult your healthcare provider for more information about these treatment techniques.

Prevent diabetic foot ulcers

  1. Visit a specialist as directed

Your doctor may advise you to see a vascular surgeon, an orthopedic, or a podiatrist. These professionals can help you manage your specific condition and treatment regimen.

  1. Negative pressure wound therapy

This diabetic foot ulcer treatment option involves the use of a vacuum to remove extracellular waste and fluid from the wound. The administration of negative pressure wound therapy requires specialized skills for positive outcomes in treating wounds and ulcers.

  1. Extracellular matrix replacement therapy

A diabetic foot ulcer is primarily a complication of Type 2 Diabetes that needs timely intervention to avoid more serious outcomes such as amputation. Research shows that diabetic foot ulcers are responsible for about 84 percent of all lower leg amputations. Diabetic foot ulcers are considered to be a result of micro and macrovascular complications.

Slow healing or failure of sores and wounds to heal as a result of chronic diabetes can be treated with extracellular matrix replacement therapy. Diabetes foot ulcer treatment largely rests on techniques such as negative pressure wound therapy, skin substitute, and advanced moist wound therapy.

When it comes to treatment for foot ulcers, you should keep in mind that different treatment options and therapies have different benefits and side effects as well. Moreover, diabetic foot ulcer treatment can vary depending on the causes. Therefore, it’s important to discuss different options with your healthcare provider to determine the most suited therapy or treatment option.

Read more on Diabetes Foot Swelling Here!

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